What is Kernel in Operating System?

The kernel is the central component of a computer operating system. The only job performed by the kernel is to manage the communication between the software and the hardware. A Kernel is at the nucleus of a computer. It makes communication between the hardware and software possible. While the Kernel is the innermost part of an operating system, a shell is the outermost one.

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Discrete Mathematics - Rules of Inference

To deduce new statements from the statements whose truth that we already know, Rules of Inference are used. What are Rules of Inference for? Mathematical logic is often used for logical proofs. Proofs are valid arguments that determine the truth values of mathematical statements. An argument is a sequence of statements. The last statement is the conclusion and all its preceding statements are called premises (or hypothesis). The symbol “ ∴ ∴ ”, (read therefore) is placed before the conclusion. A valid argument is one where the conclusion follows from the truth values of the premises. Rules of Inference provide the templates or guidelines for constructing valid arguments from the statements that we already have. Table of Rules of Inference Rule of Inference Name Rule of Inference Name P ∴ P ∨ Q P ∴ P ∨ Q Addition P ∨ Q ¬ P ∴ Q P ∨ Q ¬ P ∴ Q Disjunctive Syllogism P Q ∴ P ∧ Q P Q ∴ P ∧ Q Conjunction P → Q Q → R ∴ P → R P → Q Q → R ∴ P → R ...

5 best private search engines and why you need to use them.

5 best private search engines and why you need to use them By: Boniyeamin laju ▪ May 31, 2019 ▪ 3 minute read 5 best private search engines and why you need to use Normal browsers like Google and Bing are designed to track users’ activities and profile their online behavior. The primary reason for this is to create advertisements that will be attractive to the user. However, there-there is always the concern of personal information being compromised due to security breaches, state surveillance, and unauthorized data sharing. Fortunately, private search engines can help keep your private information safe. Simply put, Private Search Engines, also known as PSE, uses proxy and encrypted search request to hide your personal information from anyone looking to misuse your information. Below you will find more information about what a PSE is, how it works, and wh...

Discrete Mathematics - Propositional Logic

The rules of mathematical logic specify methods of reasoning mathematical statements. Greek philosopher, Aristotle, was the pioneer of logical reasoning. Logical reasoning provides the theoretical base for many areas of mathematics and consequently computer science. It has many practical applications in computer science like design of computing machines, artificial intelligence, definition of data structures for programming languages etc. Propositional Logic is concerned with statements to which the truth values, “true” and “false”, can be assigned. The purpose is to analyze these statements either individually or in a composite manner. Prepositional Logic – Definition A proposition is a collection of declarative statements that has either a truth value "true” or a truth value "false". A propositional consists of propositional variables and connectives. We denote the propositional variables by capital letters (A, B, etc). The connectives connect the propositi...

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